中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
【新时代新征程新伟业】西南政法大学创新开展生态研学 云端共上“绿色大思政课”******
中新网重庆12月19日电 (记者 钟旖)“小朋友们，垃圾桶有哪几种颜色？”“绿色、蓝色、红色、灰色”……当志愿者面对直播镜头抛出问题，在手机屏幕另一端的重庆巫溪县通城镇红路小学校学生们便迫不及待地抢着回答，一场“云端课堂”的环保知识竞答，满溢着热闹又有趣的气氛。
这是近日西南政法大学民商法学院学生走进重庆两江新区生活垃圾分类主题公园，开展绿色生态大思政课的生动一幕。
据介绍，自2022年11月起，该学院第七届新生骨干训练营的大学生们以民法典、长江保护法、环境保护法等为切口，陆续从人文、生态、历史、科技、智慧等领域展开研学实践探索。在聚焦重庆推动“生态优先、绿色发展、低碳转型”的进展成效的“生态研学”中，他们以山城绿水青山为“课本”，用多样化形式让生态文明意识渐入人心。
图为研学营志愿者云端趣味知识竞答。 钟旖 摄网络连线、实地讲解、环保科普、互动问答……记者跟随研学队伍看到，一大清早，13名来自西南政法大学民商法学院的各年级学生便集结完毕。在生活垃圾分类主题公园内，青年们各司其职，参观垃圾分类宣教中心、服务站、低碳之家、旧物利用空间及大件垃圾拆解车间；通过直播讲解垃圾分类的理念、做法及生态环境保护的创新“黑科技”；向社区居民介绍垃圾分类方法，传递低碳生活、绿色出行等环保理念，并对园区管理人员、游客等展开采访。
“通过线上‘云游’生活垃圾分类主题公园，小朋友参与知识竞答的热情很高，比平时在课堂上单纯讲知识效果要好很多。”正在巫溪县通城镇红路小学校支教的西南政法大学第24届研究生支教团志愿者夏开峰说，用通俗易懂的语言讲述法规中的垃圾分类，让小朋友们从心里树立起了环境保护的责任和义务。该校六年级学生刘磊上完课后说：“我们要像保护眼睛一样保护自然和生态环境。作为小学生，我们要从垃圾分类、节约资源这些一点一滴的小事做起，争做环保小卫士。”
“这已经是我第3次参与环保普法活动。作为西政学子，我深刻意识到自己作为法律人的责任与担当。”西南政法大学民商法学院2022级研究生何家睿介绍说，除了线上直播，研学活动还嵌入了校园普法课、环保科普课、齐诵党的二十大报告关于生态文明建设重要论述等内容，后期同学们还将把实地研学过程形成“微调研报告”，进而传递保护生态环境人人有责的自觉意识。“未来，我将为提高青少年法治观念与法律意识助力，为加强社会主义法治文明建设持续贡献力量。”何家睿说。
“大思政课，就是要立足时代发展大格局，协同大主体，统筹大平台。”西南政法大学民商法学院党委书记张伟莉称，推动绿色发展首先要理念更新，尤其是在青少年阶段，牢固树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念。
张伟莉说，学院充分发挥法学学科优势，结合生态环保法律开展远程连线，是一项寓教于乐的工作，构建了一个互为教育主体和对象的大思政课堂。在这堂“绿色大思政课”中，大学生既是体验式的学习者，又是巫溪小学生的教育者，实现了教育和自我教育的有机结合。
她期待，青年学生在实践研学中，坚定理想信念，提升精神素养，锤炼过硬本领，践行使命担当，成为有志、有趣、有力量的法学学生，以更加饱满的热忱投入到祖国法治建设中。(完)
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